The Kurds (Kurdish: کورد / Kurd) are an Ethnic-Iranian ethnolinguistic group mostly inhabiting a region known as Kurdistan, which includes adjacent parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. Substantial Kurdish communities also exist in the cities of western Turkey, and they can also be found in Armenia, Georgia, Israel, Azerbaijan, Russia, Lebanon and, in recent decades, some European countries and the United States (seeKurdish diaspora). Most speak Kurdish, an Indo-European language of the Iranian branch.
Kurdish language (Kurdish: Kurdî or کوردی) is a term used for several Iranian languages spoken by Kurds. It is mainly concentrated in parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey.[16]
Kurmanji in Turkey; Sorani in northern Iraq, several sub-dialects:
"Kurdish" is not a firm and standardized linguistic entity with the status of an official or state language. Kurdish is a continuum of closely related dialects that are spoken in a large geographic area spanning several national states, in some of these states forming one, or several, regional substandards.
Most Kurds are bilingual or polylingual, speaking the languages of the surrounding peoples such as Arabic, Turkish and Persian as a second language. Kurdish Jews and some Kurdish Christians (not be confused with ethnic Assyrians of Kurdistan) usually speak Aramaic (for example:Lishana Deni) as their first language. Aramaic is a Semitic language related to Hebrew and Arabic rather than Kurdish.
庫德人是一個生活於中東地區的遊牧民族， 主分佈區位於土耳其、敘利亞、伊拉克、伊朗的交界地帶庫德斯坦，有少數分佈在亞塞拜然和亞美尼亞山區，在中東是人口僅次於阿拉伯、突厥和波斯民族的第四大民族。庫德人是中東地區最古老的民族之一，相傳是古代米底亞人的後代，兩千多年來一直都在庫德斯坦的山區活動，過去都過著遊牧式生活.
Kurd' had a socio-economic rather than ethnic meaning. It was used of nomads on the western edge of the Iranian plateau and probably also of the tribes that acknowledged the Sassanians in Mesopotamia, many of which must have been Semitic in origin."[26]
However the contemporary authors who take this term as an "ethnic group" have suggested the Medes[27],Cyrtians[28] and Carduchi[29] as possible ancestors of the "Kurds". Most Kurds consider themselve among the descendents of Medes.[21]
庫德人大多數都是伊斯蘭教信徒，屬於遜尼派，講庫德語。庫德語有兩種書寫方式：在伊拉克和伊朗主要用阿拉伯字母書寫，在土耳其和敘利亞主要用拉丁字母。雖然兩種書寫方式其實相通，但可能因為長久的分隔，使兩種語言在用詞方面已開始有顯著不同。
庫德族 獨立建國的聲浪，屢屢遭受土耳其、伊拉克等國的壓迫。
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